This short article posts this new AMS 14 C dates out-of 13 ponies before allotted to the fresh Migration several months, while the osteometric analysis and chronilogical age of ponies located in the Lithuanian cemeteries of one’s 3rd–14th C Advertising, over 2 hundred somebody as a whole. The research show corrected the current chronology of the burials, in addition to osteometric investigation let another type of assessment regarding if the ponies regarding Migration months really are exceptional in dimensions from inside the the latest perspective out of Lithuanian horses regarding the 3rd to help you 14th C Ad. Brand new numerous analysis along with anticipate a review of growth of the dimensions and you will age of the fresh new horses within the Lithuania between the 3rd and you will 14th C Post.
dos.step 1. Zooarchaeological Analysis
Nearly 400 pony skeletal remains included in Lithuanian burial internet sites of the 3rd–14th C Post was in fact assessed ( Shape 1 ); although not, due to terrible preservation, only over 2 hundred people were suitable for subsequent dimensions and many years study. New burial sites had been split into three chronological organizations. A maximum of 21 individuals from 6 burial web sites was tasked with the Late Roman–post-Migration period (3rd–seventh C Advertising); 13 horses from this period was myself AMS 14 C-old. They were somebody selected towards 87 Sr/ 86 Sr investigation, the outcomes at which try authored into the another type of publication . In order to differentiate ranging from horses (Equus caballus), donkeys (Equus asinus), and you may mules, the newest methodology demonstrated of the Johnstone are used.
Location out of web sites stated regarding the text: 1-Paduobe-Saltaliune III, 2-Pagrybis, 3-Pavajuonis-Rekuciai, 4-Plinkaigalis, 5-Taurapilis, 6-Marvele, 7-Degsne-Labotiskes, 8-Jaksiskis, 9-Kretuonai, 10-Salakas, 11-Varliskes, 12-Obeliai, 13-Pakalniskiai, 14-Masteikiai, 15-Kernave, 16-Memelburg (Klaipeda), 17-Vilnius.
dos. Issue and methods
Several, except for 7 somebody, were found in the Marvele burial site within the central Lithuania. Testing of one’s archaeological perspective while the grave goods allows so you’re able to build relationships of a few of your burials towards the twelfth C Advertising. Thus, this new authoritative end of Viking months (1066) wasn’t considered, both because of the calculate relationships of these burial internet sites and you may by historical and you can archaeological context: zero major get down the annals off Lithuania till the business of the condition about 13th C Ad is seen.
Ponies of around three burial internet going back the new thirteen–14th C Advertisement were allotted to new medieval months. In this case, a number of the burials could possibly day on the 12th C Ad however they are tough to separate regarding later of those. This new medieval horse classification as well as integrated bones from ponies from one or two castles and another city of new thirteen–14th C Ad: twenty-five metatarsals and you can metacarpals have been chosen of Kernave medieval urban area, nine on the Vilnius Lower palace, and you can 8 away from Memelburg, the new palace of your Teutonic Order, present-time Klaipeda. I’ve integrated ponies regarding settlement internet sites so you can give because goal an image of medieval horses that you could, centered just towards the individuals from average burial web sites however, as well as regarding contexts regarding the greater public strata (Vilnius, Kernave) together with Buy. Overall, the latest stays off ninety-five everyone was examined throughout the gothic months. In this research, skeletal remains of all of the Lithuanian horses recognized to brand new experts from 3rd–14th C Offer burial internet have been checked out.
Some of the horse skeletons was badly managed and you can an inappropriate to have osteometric studies, therefore, the amount of people ranged with respect to examination of how old they are and you may level. Age the fresh new ponies are projected because of the enamel emergence , wear of one’s incisors, and level of the premolars and you can molars . Combo time of the epiphyses was also employed for age investigations. Withers height was estimated of much time limbs specifications using the corrected coefficients away from Kiesewalter [34,35]. Horses was basically categorized according to Brauner’s metacarpal and metatarsal slenderness list classification . Dimensions based on von den Driesh were made having fun with a keen osteometric panel and you may a digital caliper that have an accuracy off 0.01 cm. Pony skeletons was indeed sexed based on the exposure regarding canine white teeth from inside the men horses more than cuatro–5 years old. not, sometimes, sex of creature couldn’t be determined because of lost skeleton. A lot of time bones specifications, gender, and also the period of each person are given within the Tables S1–S4. To check getting significance, we put an effective t-try. Reviewed horses’ stays was kept in the new Zooarchaeological Repository away from Vilnius College, Professors of the past. Horse out of Varliskes try stored in Kernave Museum, and you can pony skeletons regarding Paduobe-Saltaliune III and you may Salakas was kept in National Art gallery away from Lithuania.